1950’s The Gotham Hotel New York Room Key FOB 5th Ave & 55th St. A Kirkeby Hotel

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1950’s The Gotham Hotel New York Room Key FOB 5th Ave & 55th Street New York City A Kirkeby Hotel


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The Peninsula New York

Gotham Hotel, Nova Park Gotham,[a] Hotel Maxim's de Paris


The Peninsula New York

The Peninsula New York is a historic luxury hotel at the corner of Fifth Avenue and 55th Street in the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood of New York City. Built in 1905 as the Gotham Hotel, the structure was designed by Hiss and Weekes in the neoclassical style . The hotel is part of the Peninsula Hotels group, which is owned by Hongkong and Shanghai Hotels (HSH). The structure is 23 stories high and, as of 2022, contains 241 rooms.


The Peninsula New York

Gotham Hotel, Nova Park Gotham,[a] Hotel Maxim's de Paris

General information

Location

700 Fifth Avenue

Manhattan, New York City

Opened 1905

Renovated 1981–1987

Owner

The Hongkong and Shanghai Hotels, Limited[1]

Management

The Peninsula Hotels

Technical details

Floor count

23

Design and construction

Architect(s)

Hiss and Weekes

Other information

Number of rooms

241

Number of suites

50

Number of restaurants

3 + 1 bar

New York City Landmark

Designated

June 6, 1989

Reference no.

1697

The facade, made of limestone and granite, was intended to complement the neighboring University Club of New York building. It is divided horizontally into a base, shaft, and capital. A three-story glass penthouse, completed in the 1980s to designs by Stephen B. Jacobs, rises above the original roof and contains the hotel's pool and fitness center. The lower stories contain two restaurants, a lobby, and various other rooms across multiple levels. The hotel originally had 400 guestrooms, although this was downsized in the 1980s to 250 rooms, including a multi-room presidential suite near the roof.


The 55th Street Company acquired the site in April 1902 and developed the Gotham Hotel, which opened on October 1, 1905. The hotel was sold in 1908 after several failed attempts to procure a liquor license, and it was resold several times over the next three decades. The Gotham was acquired in 1932 by the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, which added ground-level storefronts in 1938 and continued to own the hotel until 1944. The Gotham was resold several more times in the 1950s and 1960s before Sol Goldman and Alex DiLorenzo acquired it in 1965. Rene Hatt leased the Gotham in 1979 and attempted to renovate it into the Nova Park Gotham,[a] but he gave up his lease in 1984 following several lawsuits and financial issues. A joint venture of several companies completed the renovation and reopened the hotel in November 1987 as the Hotel Maxim's de Paris, an outpost of Parisian restaurant Maxim's. HSH acquired the hotel's lease in 1989, renaming it the Peninsula New York, and renovated the hotel again in 1998.


The Peninsula New York is in the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood of New York City. It is on the southwest corner of Fifth Avenue to the east and 55th Street to the north. The land lot is rectangular and covers 12,552 sq ft (1,166.1 m2), with a frontage of 100 ft (30 m) on Fifth Avenue and a depth of 125 ft (38 m) along 55th Street.[3]


To the west and south, the hotel is surrounded by the clubhouse of the University Club of New York. The site shares the block with 5, 7, 9–11, 13 and 15 West 54th Street; 46 West 55th Street; and the Rockefeller Apartments to the west. The hotel is also near the Museum of Modern Art to the south; Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church and 712 Fifth Avenue to the north; 550 Madison Avenue to the northeast; the St. Regis New York hotel to the east; and 689 Fifth Avenue to the southeast.


undeveloped through the late 19th century, and many row houses were developed on the avenue. By the early 1900s, that section of Fifth Avenue was becoming a commercial area.[49] The southwest corner of Fifth Avenue and 55th Street was part of the old campus of St. Luke's Hospital, which had moved to Morningside Heights, Manhattan, in 1893. The southern part of the St. Luke's site became the University Club's clubhouse, completed in 1900.


In September 1901, Jeremiah C. Lyons sold the site at the southwest corner of Fifth Avenue and 55th Street to a syndicate of investors for $750,000. The buyers, Henry L. Goodwin and Henry R. Hoyt, resold the property in April 1902 to the newly formed 55th Street Company, of which Goodwin was a chief executive. The 55th Street Company announced that it would develop a 18-story hotel on the site. The building would designed by Hiss and Weekes and constructed by the General Building and Construction Company at a cost of $3.5 million.[54][55] It was one of four large sites on Fifth Avenue between 42nd and 59th Streets to be sold for development during the preceding six months.[56] Hiss and Weekes filed plans for the site at the end of June 1902.


Frank V. Bennett, operator of the Arlington Hotel in Washington, D.C., leased the hotel for 20 years in August 1903;[59][60] the lease was not officially recorded until May 1905, by which time the hostelry was known as the Gotham Hotel. U.S. senator Mark Hanna, who had been one of Bennett's close friends in Washington, D.C., had helped introduce Bennett to the Gotham Hotel's developers. Even after Hanna's death in 1905, his estate was one of the Gotham Hotel's biggest shareholders. Hanna and U.S. senator Thomas C. Platt provided funding for the Gotham.[21] The hotel's construction was delayed significantly because of strikes, but the facade and roof were completed in early 1904. As late as March 1905, the hotel was planned to open the following month.


John Jacob Astor IV, who was simultaneously developing the St. Regis Hotel across Fifth Avenue, had attempted to obtain a liquor license for his hotels, despite high opposition from local residents. At the time, New York state law required that any establishment with a liquor license was required to gain the approval of the owners of two-thirds of all private property within 200 ft (61 m), and was required to be at least 200 feet from any church. The Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church, which was within 200 feet of both the St. Regis and the Gotham, objected to the liquor license. Although the St. Regis eventually secured a liquor license by moving its entrance, the Gotham had no such recourse, as it was much closer to the Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church.[68][b] In May 1905, the Gotham's operators petitioned the New York State Legislature to change the state's liquor laws so that hotels with more than 200 rooms were exempt from the 200-foot restriction. Governor Frank W. Higgins vetoed the bill in June 1905, so the Gotham was forced to open without a liquor license. The hotel did originally have an enclosed dining terrace overlooking Fifth Avenue.


The hotel opened on October 1, 1905; its first guest was Senator Hanna's widow. Originally, the Gotham operated as an apartment hotel, and most of the units had already been leased to long-term residents, including all the units on Fifth Avenue. Other early residents included Platt and financier James J. Hill. In addition, because the Gotham did not have a liquor license, it hired some employees specifically to obtain alcoholic beverages from nearby establishments. By April 1906, the 55th Street Company was negotiating to sell the hotel for $3 million. Meanwhile, in 1906, New York state legislators attempted once more to amend state law so the Gotham could obtain a liquor license without the Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church's consent. Governor Higgins let the bill expire, so the bill was introduced again in early 1907. The state legislature passed the bill in May 1907, only for governor Charles Evans Hughes to veto the bill.


Bennett only operated the hotel for two years, and he sold his lease in October 1907 to restaurateur Carl Berger. The Hotel Gotham Company, which operated the hotel, surrendered it to the 55th Street Company in December 1907 due to non-payment of rent. Berger angrily quit as the hotel's manager on July 1, 1908, when Luke M. Boomer, Harry Merry, and E. R. Grabow took over the hotel.[84] Two days later, Gilbert H. Montague was appointed as the hotel's receiver, despite Henry Goodwin's claim that the receiver had no rights to the hotel's operation. William R. Wood and Charles L. Weatherbee leased the Gotham Hotel in August 1908 and appointed Frederick V. Weishart as the manager. At the time, the hotel had never made a profit. Bennett fatally shot himself at his Gotham Hotel apartment in September 1908.


A foreclosure auction was scheduled for the hotel in October 1908 after the Knickerbocker Trust Company foreclosed on a $500,000 mortgage. The Gotham was overshadowed by more luxurious hotels, like the St. Regis across the street and the Plaza Hotel a few blocks north, but the Real Estate Record and Guide reported that the foreclosure was solely because of the liquor bill. Benjamin P. Cheney bought the hotel for about $2.5 million the same month, beating out two other bidders. The sale did not affect Wood and Weatherbee's management of the hotel; the men paid $175,000 a year. Yet another bill to allow the hotel to obtain a liquor license was proposed in 1909, but the bill failed, as did another in 1911. The new owner, meanwhile, planned to convert the Gotham into a transient hotel and renovate the dining terrace into a Japanese restaurant. However, the Gotham's terrace restaurant was demolished after Fifth Avenue was widened in 1911, since the terrace protruded 14 ft (4.3 m) into the street.


Seen from across Fifth Avenue and 55th Street

Among the Gotham's guests in the early 20th century were composer Victor Herbert, as well as pianist Ignacy Jan Paderewski, the latter of whom lived there for sixteen years. In December 1914, Franklin Pettit bought the hotel from Cheney for nearly $3.5 million. Weatherbee and Wood continued to operate the hotel, even after the Hotel Holdings Company sold the Gotham to William and Julius Manger of Manger Hotels in October 1920. The next month, the 2 West 55th Street Corporation took title to the hotel on behalf of the Manger brothers. The brothers attempted to sell the Gotham for $5 million in early 1925, but they did not receive any offers that they deemed acceptable. The Manger brothers eventually bought out Weatherbee and Wood's lease in 1927.


By 1931, the Gotham was one of the few remaining buildings on Fifth Avenue in Midtown Manhattan that still did not have shops. The Metropolitan Life Insurance Company moved to foreclose on a $2 million mortgage that it held on the hotel in March 1932. Leon Leighton and Raymond J. Scully were appointed as receivers. The next month, the American Hotels Corporation took over the Gotham's lease and appointed G. H. Wartman as the manager. The Metropolitan Life took over the hotel in July 1932. The hotel's managers added an airplane departure board in the lobby in 1933, which they claimed was the first such board in a hotel lobby, and they also installed a marine room at the Gotham to complement the hotel's rooftop "sun deck". The hotel was also the site of a notable suicide in 1938, when 26-year-old John William Warde jumped from the 17th floor in front of 10,000 spectators; the incident inspired the 1951 film Fourteen Hours.


Architect D. Everett Waid designed five storefronts at ground level in 1938; the bronze-and-glass storefronts were recessed from the facade. As part of this project, the original dining room on Fifth Avenue was closed and demolished in May 1938, and a new dining room was built within the hotel offices on the opposite side of the lobby. The hotel's offices were then relocated to the space previously occupied by the second-floor ballroom. The original ceiling, designed by Hiss and Weekes, was preserved as part of the project. In addition, space for exhibitions was created on the second floor. The storefronts were leased to such tenants as jeweler Charlton & Co. and the Grand Central Art Galleries. The renovations coincided with the beginning of the 1939 New York World's Fair. At the beginning of April 1939, a syndicate of Chicago investors, led by Arnold S. Kirkeby, leased the hotel for five years.


1940s to 1970s

In 1944, a syndicate headed by Kirkeby bought the hotel from Metropolitan Life. At the time, the hotel had 358 rooms and was valued at $2.25 million. A cocktail lounge was added to the hotel during this decade. Kirkeby's syndicate, the National Cuba Hotel Corporation, sold the Gotham in May 1955 to a syndicate composed of Webb and Knapp and Roger L. Stevens. That November, Webb & Knapp and Stevens sold the Gotham and the Beverly Wilshire Hotel to an investor for a combined $11 million. The Kirkeby Hotel Corporation retained its lease of the Gotham Hotel. The Hotel Investors Syndicate, led by Peter J. Sharp, acquired the Gotham, Beverly Wilshire, and Saranac Inn in May 1957. Subsequently, Sharp Ltd. Hotels operated the Gotham, and it renovated the hotel.


Webb and Knapp agreed in August 1961 to repurchase the Gotham, Stanhope, and Beverly Wilshire hotels from Evelyn Sharp, Peter Sharp's mother. At the time, the Gotham contained 400 rooms and 18-hour maid service. Webb and Knapp completed its acquisition in October 1961 and immediately began contracting to sell the hotel, while continuing to operate it, as part of a leaseback agreement. A syndicate led by Alvin Greenstein bought the hotel in December 1961 and leased it back to Webb and Knapp for 21 years, with sixteen renewal options. Under the terms of the lease, the hotel had to remain in operation until at least 1971, but Webb and Knapp could demolish the hotel afterward. In 1963, Neal Lang was appointed as the hotel's general manager. Webb and Knapp had lent $2 million toward a $3.568 million mortgage loan that had been placed on the hotel (with the Dry Dock Savings Bank holding the remaining stake), but the firm sold that stake in 1964.


Wellington Associates, a joint venture of Sol Goldman and Alexander DiLorenzo, bought the Gotham in March 1965. Wellington appointed Frank C. Bromber as the Gotham's executive director. The new owners redecorated and repainted the main lobby and dining room, and they cleaned and illuminated the facade. Wellington also bought two buildings at 23 and 25 West 55th Street and converted these structures into a parking garage. The 18-story, 300-space parking garage opened in 1966 and was reportedly the first parking garage in New York City to be added to an existing hotel. Prior to the garage's completion, guests had used various garages between Second and Ninth avenues; however, about 90 percent of short-term guests did not bring their cars to the hotel.[148] Goldman said in 1967 that both the Gotham and the St. Regis (which he also owned) were profitable. By the next year, the Gotham's renovation had been completed at a cost of $1.5 million.


The Gotham's main dining room and banquet department were closed in July 1970; the dining room reopened in March 1971 but only served meals on weekdays. The hotel also continued to lease space to commercial tenants, including shipping company Italian Line and shoe store Charles Jourdan. Goldman began experiencing financial issues after DiLorenzo died in 1975, but he continued to own the Gotham. Goldman and the heirs of DiLorenzo's estate eventually agreed to split up Wellington's holdings; as part of this process, Goldman retained ownership of the Gotham.


Window details

Swiss hotel owner Rene Hatt signed a lease for the hotel in 1979, paying $3.5 million in annual rent for the first 20 years.[33] The Gotham was closed for renovations in 1981,[156][155] and Hatt intended to reopen it as the Nova Park Gotham,[157][158] a larger version of the Nova-Park Élysées in Paris.[159][160] He planned to operate the Gotham as an ultra-luxury hotel, charging up to $1,750 per night.[161][42] Hatt hired Stephen Jacobs to design the renovation, which included rehabilitating the interior and reducing the 330-room hotel to 250 rooms.[155] This renovation added the hotel's rooftop pool and fitness center.[162] The Nova Park Gotham was expected to include multiple restaurants and bars, a nightclub, various meeting rooms, and a business center.[33] This was one of several hotel projects being developed in New York City in the 1980s, which collectively added 3,500 rooms.[157][158] A group of European banks led by German bank Deutsche Anlagen lent $38 million for the project.[42]


When the project started in 1981, the Gotham was scheduled to be closed for two years.[163] The hotel's reopening was scheduled for October 1983,[33] then to February 1984.[164] The project had stalled by early 1984 after Nova Park AG had invested $120 million on the project, which had originally been budgeted at $30 million. Real-estate experts estimated that the developers needed another $40 million to complete the renovation, but Nova Park AG had not even paid rent for several months, and they owed $5 million in taxes.[165] Hatt had taken out $23 million worth of additional mortgages without the consent of his first-mortgage lenders.[42] The per-room cost of renovating the Gotham surpassed the cost of brand-new luxury hotels in New York City, which typically cost $180,000 to $200,000 per room.[161][166] One observer attributed the cost overruns to the "design-as-you-go" nature of the project, saying that Hatt had "unrealistic" expectations about the quality of the work.[161] In several cases, Hatt had ordered that a floor be rebuilt for aesthetic reasons after that floor had been renovated.[42] In addition, a large portion of the facade and about 100 steel beams had to be rebuilt.[42]


Goldman said in August 1984 that the developers had paid the overdue rent, but the Times reported that the building was still boarded up and vacant.[167] By November 1984, Nova Park AG surrendered the Gotham to its lenders, a group of European banks.[161] Hatt sued the banks, claiming that his lenders had mismanaged the project.[161][42] Further complicating the situation, one of the European lenders was involved in an embezzlement lawsuit, and local bank Flushing Federal Savings and Loan, which had lent $5 million for the project, claimed that the European banks had improperly taken control of the hotel.[161] The president of the Flushing bank was indicted on extortion charges in 1989 in relation with the Gotham Hotel.[168]


Helmsley-Spear was hired to market the hotel,[161] but no one was willing to buy the Gotham, as any potential buyer would have to spend $40 million to complete the renovation.[116] By then, the per-room construction cost had increased to an estimated $500,000.[42] Nova Park AG itself went bankrupt in early 1985.[169] Meanwhile, the European banks continued to pay rent on the site, even though the hotel was not making any profit.[156] After Nova Park AG gave up the hotel to its lenders, Goldman moved to restructure the ground lease, and he sought a partner to complete the conversion.[42]


Maxim's de Paris

edit


Lower-story arcade

Goldman was negotiating to lease the property to developer William Zeckendorf Jr. by mid-1985.[170] An investment group headed by Arthur Cohen began negotiating to lease the hotel from Goldman. The European banks were not willing to sell the Gotham at a substantial loss, so the negotiations took 18 months.[42] In July 1986, the Texas-based Pratt Hotel Corporation; the Southmark Corporation, which owned a stake in Pratt Hotels; and a group of investors including Goldman, Cohen, and Zeckendorf agreed to buy the hotel from the European banks for $35 million. Goldman would own a 46 percent stake in the hotel; Pratt and Southmark would own a 33 percent stake; and Zeckendorf, Cohen, and their partners would own 21 percent.[171][172][173] In exchange, the European banks were indemnified against all unresolved liens on the property,[42] and the banks ended their involvement with the hotel.[36]


Further details of the project were announced in October 1986.[174] Pratt planned to spend $40 million to complete the renovation. The hotel would be rebranded Maxim's de Paris Suite Hotel, an outpost of Parisian restaurant Maxim's.[171][172] This was part of a naming-rights deal that Pratt Hotels had signed with Pierre Cardin in 1984.[175] Ivan Boesky offered to buy the hotel for $45 million, but Pratt Hotels CEO Jack Pratt refused, citing the hotel's "prime Manhattan location".[176] Work resumed in August 1986.[36] Goldman and Pratt planned to remove some of Nova Park's modifications, including the decorations, which they deemed to be too gaudy.[36][176] Instead, the hotel was to have 300 units, two bars, and two restaurants.[36] A new kitchen and two elevators for room service were also installed.[177] Hirsch Bedner Associates designed the renovation.[9][178] Pratt's existing agreement with Cardin would give the latter a royalty payment amounting to 1.5 percent of the hotel's gross revenues, which would amount to almost $500,000 for Cardin in the hotel's opening year. The other co-owners, particularly Goldman, expressed skepticism about the value of the Maxim's name. Goldman had acceded to the Maxim's agreement by early 1987, on the condition that Cardin not receive any royalty payments unless the hotel made a profit in its first two years.[175]


Maxim's ultimately reopened with 254 units,[174][179][178] as well as 12,000 sq ft (1,100 m2) of storefronts.[180] By November 1987, the hotel's owners had launched an advertising campaign for Maxim's.[181] A preview event for the hotel was hosted the same month.[9][178] The first 200 units were scheduled to be opened in December 1987 while the other units, restaurants, and bars were to open in early 1988.[178] Maxim's was also intended as a luxury hotel,[174] with nightly room rates averaging $310.[182] Even though the hotel had opened after the Black Monday financial crash, the owners hoped to take advantage of a tax break that expired at the end of 1987.[9] The Adrienne's restaurant opened within the hotel in early 1988,[183] but a formal opening for Maxim's did not occur until June 10, 1988.[184] Maxim's made less money than its owners expected.[185][186] As a result, the hotel was placed for sale a few months after it reopened, and several foreign companies expressed interest in buying Maxim's.[186][184] The hotel's retail space, which was being marketed at the then-exorbitant rate of $1,000/sq ft ($11,000/m2), was vacant;[187] the owners had evicted all the commercial tenants.[188]


Peninsula Hotels ownership

edit

1980s and 1990s

edit

In August 1988, Hongkong and Shanghai Hotels (HSH), the operator of the Peninsula Hotels chain, agreed to buy Maxim's New York for $127 million. HSH planned to rename the hotel after the Peninsula Hong Kong, a hotel in Kowloon, Hong Kong. HSH did not plan to significantly change the Peninsula New York's operations; at the time, the hotel had 250 units and employed 200 workers. Goldman still owned the land under the hotel. Media sources said HSH's willingness to buy out the operating lease at a high price reflected a common view that a luxury hotel chain could not thrive without a hotel in New York City. HSH officials believed the purchase price was justified by the presence of the ground-floor storefronts facing Fifth Avenue, as well as the three-story health club atop the roof. When HSH took over the hotel on October 3, 1988, its occupancy rate averaged 30 percent; this had grown to 50 percent by April 1989.


Manfred Timmel, who was appointed as the Peninsula New York's general manager, had to wait three months before his liquor license was approved. The Peninsula group faced a similar delay when it tried to obtain permits for the rooftop fitness center. Numerous employees had resigned after the hotel was sold, and there were delays in training new employees. HSH also had to pay $5 million a year for the ground lease, in addition to the usual operating expenses and mortgage payments. Nonetheless, by the end of 1989, the hotel had an 80 percent occupancy rate, and it had accommodated such guests as musicians Rod Stewart and Sammy Davis Jr. The hotel's storefronts were leased to tenants such as accessories firm Wempe's. A spa opened at the Peninsula New York in early 1991; the spa was expanded by the late 1990s.


By the beginning of 1996, HSH had raised the hotel's room rates and was planning to renovate the Peninsula New York. The Washington Post, citing unnamed industry experts, said the renovations were intended to justify the increased room rates. In December 1997, the hotel's managers announced that the hotel would close for renovations the following month, although the fitness center on the top stories would remain open. The renovation cost between $45 million and $55 million. The project mainly focused on refurbishing the suites and guestrooms, although the public rooms received minor alterations. During the renovation, HSH added 14 units and replaced the plumbing and electrical systems. The renovation was completed in November 1998.


2000s to present

After the late-1990s renovation, the Peninsula raised its room rates significantly, charging a minimum of $535 per night. Tourism in New York City had stagnated by early 2001, but business was even more negatively impacted by the September 11 attacks, prompting the Peninsula's operators to discount the hotel's room rates significantly. The hotel's business had recovered by 2004. During the early 2000s, the hotel's rooftop terrace was popular among those in the media industry, and Salon de Ning opened on the hotel's roof in mid-2008 replacing the Pen-Top.


The Peninsula Suite on the 19th floor was refurbished in the early 2010s.In addition, the Clement restaurant opened at the New York Peninsula's base in 2014. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City, and a corresponding downturn in tourism globally, the Peninsula's hotel rooms were temporarily closed in March 2020. The hotel did not reopen until June 1, 2021.

  • Condition: Used
  • Brand: 1950’s The Gotham Hotel New York A Kirkeby Hotel
  • Type of Advertising: Hotel Room Key FOB
  • Color: Silver
  • Date of Creation: 1950’s
  • Theme: Hotel & Motel
  • Original/Reproduction: Original
  • Country/Region of Manufacture: United States

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