Medal Denis Diderot Writer 1976 Poet Jacques Le Fataliste 3 17/32in 14.11oz

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Seller: artistic.medal ✉️ (4,941) 100%, Location: Strasbourg, FR, Ships to: WORLDWIDE, Item: 186364627969 Medal Denis Diderot Writer 1976 Poet Jacques Le Fataliste 3 17/32in 14.11oz. _ tir49-255 Bronze medal, from the Paris Mint, France (cornucopia hallmark from 1880). Minted in 1976. Minimal traces of handling, beautiful old patina, patina defects on the reverse (at 9 o'clock). Engraver : Raymond DELAMARRE (1890-1986). Dimensions : 90mm. Weight : 409 g. Metal : bronze . Mark on the edge:  cornucopia + bronze + 1976. Quick and neat delivery. The easel is not for sale. The stand is not for sale. Denis Diderot, born October 5, 1713 in Langres and died July 31, 1784 in Paris, is a French writer, philosopher and encyclopedist of the Enlightenment, at the same time novelist, playwright, storyteller, essayist, dialogue writer, art critic, literary critic and translator. Diderot is recognized for his erudition, his critical spirit and a certain genius. He left his mark in the history of all the literary genres he tried his hand at: he laid the foundations of bourgeois drama in the theater, revolutionized the novel with Jacques the Fatalist and his master, invented criticism through his Salons and supervised the writing of one of the most significant works of his century, the famous Encyclopedia. In philosophy also, Diderot stands out by offering more material for the reader's autonomous reasoning rather than a complete, closed and rigid system1. Little known to his contemporaries, kept away from the controversies of his time, little inclined to life in the salons and poorly received by the Revolution, Diderot had to wait until the end of the 19th century to receive all the interest and recognition from posterity in which he had placed some of his hopes. Some of his texts remained unpublished until the 21st century and the modern edition of his complete works begun by the Parisian publisher Hermann in 1975 has not yet been completed. Biography Youth (1713-1728) Statue of Diderot in Langres, Place Diderot. Denis Diderot was born in Langres2, into a bourgeois family on October 5, 1713 and was baptized the next day in the Saint-Pierre-Saint-Paul church in Langres3, the cathedral being reserved for the baptisms of nobles4. Supposed portrait of Didier Diderot, master cutler of Langres (unknown artist), Langres art and history museum His parents, married in 1712, had six children, only four of whom reached adulthood. His father Didier Diderot (1685-1759), master cutler, was renowned for his surgical instruments, scalpels and lancets in particular. His grandfather Denis Diderot (1654-1726), cutler and son of a cutler, was married in 1679 to Nicole Beligné (1655-1692), of the famous Beligné cutlery house5. His mother Angélique Vigneron (1677-1748) was the daughter of a master tanner6. Diderot was the eldest of these siblings, each member of whom played an important role in the writer's life. Angélique (1720-1749), Ursuline, died young (and mad) in the convent and partly inspired La Religieuse7; Didier-Pierre (1722-1787) embraced an ecclesiastical career and was canon of Langres cathedral. Relations between the two brothers will always be conflicting, even beyond Denis' death. Denise (1715-1797), finally, also remained in the country, will be the permanent and discreet link between Diderot and his native region. From 1723 to 1728, Denis attended the Jesuit college, close to his birthplace. At the age of twelve (1725), his parents considered the priesthood for him and, on August 22, 1726, he received the tonsure from the Bishop of Langres and took the title of abbot, which he held. He was to succeed his canon uncle at Langres, but his premature death without a will could not allow his nephew to benefit from his prebend8. Early Parisian years (1728-1745) Little interested in an ecclesiastical career, nor more in the family business and the prospects of the province, he left to study in Paris in 1728. He only returned to Langres four more times, in 1742, in the fall of 1754, in 1759 and in 1770 and mainly to settle family matters. His first years in Paris are little known. From 1728 to 1732, he undoubtedly took courses at the college of Harcourt then studied theology at the Sorbonne. In any case, on August 6, 1735, he received a certificate from the University of Paris which confirmed that he had successfully studied philosophy for two years and theology for three years. The years 1737-1740 were difficult. Diderot gives lessons, composes sermons, becomes a clerk to a prosecutor of Langres origin, invents schemes to obtain money from his parents, to the despair of his father. His concerns gradually take a more literary turn. He frequented the theaters, learned English in a Latin-English dictionary9, and gave a few articles to the Mercure de France - the first would be an epistle to Mr. Basset, in January 1739. In the late 1730s he annotated Stephen de Silhouette's translation of Alexander Pope's Essay on Man and turned his attention to translation. Diderot met Jean-Jacques Rousseau at the end of 1742. A strong friendship is born between the two men. Through Rousseau, Diderot met Condillac in 1745. The three of them form a small company which will meet often. Early writings (1743-1749) Between 1740 and 1746, Diderot moved frequently without ever leaving the Latin Quarter10. In 1740 we found it on rue de l'Observance then rue du Vieux-Colombier and rue des Deux-Ponts. In 1742, he carried out a The clandestine nature of the marriage may suggest a marriage of love, but this union will not be happy for long. Diderot quickly forgot his wife, no doubt very far removed from his literary considerations; his first known affair, with Madeleine de Puisieux, is attested in 1745. But, despite his marital differences, Diderot will always take care to protect his family; and, to his couple, four children were born, of whom only the youngest, Marie-Angélique (1753-1824), reached adulthood15. The year 1743 marks the beginning of Diderot's literary career, through translation. He translated The Grecian history by Temple Stanyan, then, especially in 1745, his translation appeared, largely augmented by his personal reflections, of An inquiry concerning virtue or merit by Shaftesbury, under the title Essay on merit and virtue16, the first manifesto of the shift of Diderot from the Christian faith towards deism. In 1746, the couple found themselves on rue Traversière then, in April, rue Mouffetard, (April 1746)17. This was the time of the publication of his first original work, the Philosophical Thoughts in 1746. From 1746 to 1748, he collaborated with Marc-Antoine Eidous and François-Vincent Toussaint on the translation of Robert James's Medicinal dictionary. In 1748 he published Les Bijoux indiscrets, an oriental tale parodying, among other things, life at court and Memoirs on different mathematical subjects, the latter laying the foundations of his notoriety as a mathematician... At this time he met Jean-Philippe Rameau and collaborated in the writing of his Demonstration of the Principle of Harmony (1750). Château de Vincennes (July 24 to November 3, 1749) No. 3 rue de l'Estrapade where Diderot lived from 1747 to 1754, at the time of his arrest. The materialist positions of his Letter on the Blind for the Use of Those Who See, which appeared in 1749, finally convinced the censors that their author, who had been under surveillance for some time, was a dangerous individual. The work was condemned and Diderot was arrested at his home, rue de l'Estrapade18 and taken to the Château de Vincennes where he was imprisoned for three months on Berryer's orders. At his home the manuscript of The Skeptic's Promenade19 was seized and the manuscript of The White Bird: Blue Tale was searched in vain. Extract from the report of Diderot's arrest (France, National Archives). During his detention, Diderot received a visit from his friend Jean-Jacques Rousseau who, on the way, had the famous illumination which led him to write, undoubtedly with the help of Diderot, his Discourse on the Sciences and the Arts20. His painful detention traumatized Diderot21 and encouraged him to exercise great caution in his publications, even preferring to reserve certain of his texts for posterity. The Encyclopedia (1747-1765) Detailed articles: Encyclopedia or Reasoned Dictionary of Sciences, Arts and Crafts, Collaborators of the Encyclopedia and Cacouac. Originally, the Encyclopédie was only to be the translation into French of the Cyclopædia of Ephraïm Chambers, the first edition of which dates from 1728, but Diderot, a polygraph author whose philosophical thought continues to become more accentuated in the sense of atheism, materialism, but also evolutionism, prefers to undertake the work of a life22. The year 1747 marks the beginning of Diderot's full responsibilities in the vast editorial project of the Encyclopédie. He then moved to rue de l'Estrapade on the Sainte-Geneviève mountain. The Prospectus appeared in 1750 and the first volume the following year. He devoted 20 years of his life to this project, which he did not complete until July 1765, filled with bitterness due to the lack of recognition, the errors of publishing and the behavior of publishers (Le Breton in particular). . This period of intense work, with its burdens, its threats, its satisfactions and its disappointments, is also marked by some important private events. Rue Taranne in 1866 seen by Charles Marville: Diderot's home was located above the Laffitte restaurant, at No. 1, and was on the corner with, on the right, the beginning of Rue Saint-Benoît. In 1750 he was appointed to the Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences. And in 1753 Marie-Angélique was born, the only one of her children who survived her. Finances improved and, in 1754, the Diderot family moved to the 4th and 5th floors of a house on rue Taranne and never moved there again. This house disappeared at the end of the 19th century, but a statue23 by Jean Gautherin recalls its approximate location at number 145 boulevard Saint-Germain. In 1755 he met Sophie Volland, perhaps through Rousseau. This clandestine connection, which continued until her death, was the origin of an abundant correspondence which today appears essential for knowledge of the writer. From 1757, his ideas began to diverge from those of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, among others on the question of the On August 20, Diderot and the empress's chamberlain, Aleksei Vasilievich Naryshkin, left The Hague for Petersburg, passing through Leipzig and Dresden, and arrived on October 8, Diderot, ill, describing himself “more dead than alive”. He is staying in the house of his friend the sculptor Falconet, rue Millionaya, near the palace, but his son, who returned a little earlier from London, occupies the room reserved for the philosopher. Finally, Diderot will spend five months in Naryshkin's house. The presentation to the empress took place on October 15, during a costume party: Diderot wore his black costume and he was lent a wig. The interviews with Catherine began the following days and took place three times a week, between three and six in the afternoon, in the private apartments. Diderot prepared a total of 65 memoirs for the empress, in which he suggested themes for discussion. These writings are kept in the Central Historical Archives in Moscow38. Diderot's correspondence reveals the great seriousness of the subjects discussed: the value of free competition in commerce and government, the need to regulate the succession to the Russian throne, the legislative commission that Catherine had assembled in 1767, public education, luxury, divorce and academies, and of course literature39. He also hopes to start the translation and adaptation of the Encyclopedia into Russian. Around November 5, 1773, he received a first political pressure through the French ambassador in Petersburg, François-Michel Durand de Distroff, to try to improve the sovereign's attitude towards France. . What did he spend his other days doing? He visited the surroundings of the imperial city, attended theatrical performances and was a foreign member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. He left the city on Mars 5, 1774, after several weeks of intestinal problems, a painful, humid and cold period, during which he produced little40. Second stay in The Hague (April to October 1774) This section is empty, insufficiently detailed or incomplete. Your help is welcome ! How to do ? On his way back from Russia, he stayed again with Galitzine, from April 5, 1774 to October 15, 1774 – 6 months and 17 days. It was during this stay that he met the publisher Marc-Michel Rey and planned with him a complete edition of his works which would not see the light of day41. Final years (1774-1784) Upon his return, he gradually slows down his social life, his health deteriorates and he has difficulty accepting it. He multiplied and lengthened his stays in Sèvres, in the house of his friend the jeweler Étienne-Benjamin Belle42 where he came regularly during the last ten years of his life43 and at the Château du Grandval44 (Sucy-en-Brie), with d'Holbach , sometimes with family. In 1781, he collaborated a little on the Methodical Encyclopedia of Charles-Joseph Panckoucke and Jacques-André Naigeon. Château du Grandval, where Diderot made several stays at the invitation of Baron d'Holbach (postcard from 1907). From 1783, Diderot put his texts in order and worked with Naigeon to establish three copies of his works: one for himself, one for his daughter and the last for Catherine II. Sophie Volland died on February 22, 1784. On Mars 15, 1784, the premature death of his granddaughter was perhaps hidden from him to spare him. Plaque on the building at 39 rue de Richelieu. On June 1, 1784, he moved to 39 rue de Richelieu in Paris, in the so-called Hôtel de Bezons45, thanks to the good care of Melchior Grimm and Catherine II who wanted to avoid him having to climb the four flights of stairs of his home in Taranne Street. He only enjoyed this comfort for two months and died there on July 31, 1784, probably of a stroke. At his repeated request, he was autopsied46 on August 1, then buried at the Saint-Roch church, in the chapel of the Virgin, the same day. Naigeon seems to be the only man of letters to follow the convoy.     “In the year 1784, on August 1, Mr. Denis Diderot, of the academies of Berlin, Stockholm and Saint Petersburg, librarian of Her Imperial Majesty Catherine the Second, Empress of Russia, was buried in this church, aged 71, deceased yesterday, husband of Lady Anne-Antoinette Champion, rue de Richelieu, of this parish, present: Mr. Abel-François-Nicolas Caroilhon de Vandeul, squire, treasurer of France, his son-in-law, rue de Bourbon, parish of Saint-Sulpice; Mr. Claude Caroilhon Destillières, squire, general farmer of Monsieur, brother of the King, rue de Ménard47, of this parish; Mr. Denis Caroilhon de la Charmotte, squire, director of the King's estates, susd. rue de Ménard, and Mr. Nicolas-Joseph Philpin de Piépape, knight, councilor of state, From 1757, his ideas began to diverge from those of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, among others on the question of the On August 20, Diderot and the empress's chamberlain, Aleksei Vasilievich Naryshkin, left The Hague for Petersburg, passing through Leipzig and Dresden, and arrived on October 8, Diderot, ill, describing himself “more dead than alive”. He is staying in the house of his friend the sculptor Falconet, rue Millionaya, near the palace, but his son, who returned a little earlier from London, occupies the room reserved for the philosopher. Finally, Diderot will spend five months in Naryshkin's house. The presentation to the empress took place on October 15, during a costume party: Diderot wore his black costume and he was lent a wig. The interviews with Catherine began the following days
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